Friday, December 27, 2019

Health Issues Of The Medical Field - 1650 Words

Over recent years, people are faced with different health related issues regardless of the advancement in the medical field (Kronenfeld, 2008). In this scenario, Molly is an 82 years old lady, who has developed health problems which make her feel isolated and lonely. The following essay highlights Molly’s leg ulcer, primary health care, wellness, health professionals and how these have been used to create a learning program for Molly. It also describes the pathophysiology of diabetes, Type II Diabetes and resources/ support services for the client’s spouse who is experiencing grief after the client died. Lunnay McIntyre (2014) describes Primary Health Care (PHC) as the first level of contact for the majority of individuals when accessing†¦show more content†¦It is the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits that will enhance well-being while decreasing the risk of disease. The six principles of wellness are social, emotional, spiritual, occupational, intellectual wellness (Smith, Tang Nutbeam, 2006). The two principles of wellness are physical wellness and social wellness. Physical wellness means ability to recognize the benefits of physical activities and adopting healthy habits such as routine check-ups of vital signs, a balanced diet and exercise while avoiding the use of tobacco, drugs and excessive use of alcohol. (Floyd, Mimms Yelding 2008). Second, social wellness is characterized by the ability of an individual to connect with other people in the world and become aware of their importance in the society as well as take an active part in improving our surrounding by encouraging healthier living and build a better living space in the community (Hettler, 1976). Physical and social principle of wellness should be promoted for Molly. Firstly, maximising her own ability to increase her independence and confidence by engaging into daily routine activities. Secondly, teaching her how to do exercise and adjusting her balanced diet by following the advice of the health professional in order to cure the pressure ulcer. Thirdly, providing social supports to getShow MoreRelatedA Basic Overall Assessment Of Pasco County Health910 Words   |  4 PagesPasco county health concludes that the county is a moderately healthy community with chronic illness being a major issue. When comparing Pasco County In the area of Health outcome to the 67 other counties in Florida Pasco places 45th. The higher the score the worse the county is. (County Health, 2013) There are two categories that the rankings were broken into were health outcomes and health factors. Health outcome refers to mortality and morbidity. Health factors pertain to health risks includingRead MoreThe Medical Field : A Wide Field1445 Words   |  6 Pages The medical field is a wide field consisting of numerous branches. Nursing, pharmacy, physical therapy, pediatric, anesthesiology just to name a few are some of the main pillars of our healthcare system today. It is one of the most lucrative career that an individual can pursue. Stake are so high when it comes admission to this field. One needs to be at the top of his/her academic excellence. In other words, it is so competitive. The fact that it deals with matters of life and dead, makes itRead MoreMedical Malpractice and Tort Systems Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesHealth care organizations, particularly hospitals, currently face numerous legal issues, several of which will be examined in this paper. The first issue to be examined is medical malpractice and the tort system. The medical malpractice and tort system makes up one of the major legal issues encountered by hospitals and health systems. Showalter (2012) states that with the decline of charitable immunity in the 1970s, healthcare was one of the areas impacted by personal injury law and was held liableRead MoreHealth Issues Of The Public Health Field857 Words   |  4 PagesIt is a matter of fact that women in the past and the recent present have had many public health issues that were hard on them, and they had to deal with these problems more than men did. However, they have overcome some of these issues, but there are still issues in the public health’s area women are still dealing with. Unfortunately, women’s issues were only mentioned if they had to do with maternity care only, and rather than that they were ignored. Anything beyond maternity care was not on theRead MoreFactors Leading For Shortage Of Primary Care Physicians1533 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion – What ar e the factors that created the shortage of primary care physicians? †¢ Importance – Better preventative care to the people †¢ Conclusion B) History of primary care and primary care physicians C) Ethical issues in shortage of primary care gap D) Economic issues in primary care gap E) Summary F) Recommendations G) Conclusions Abstract The main objective of this research question is to analyze the factorsRead MoreThe Medical Field, No Observation Goes Without Documentation1369 Words   |  6 PagesIn the medical field, no observation goes without documentation; in other words, if it was not documented, it never happened. Therefore, health care professionals must place a great importance on where, when, and how he/she records patient information. Traditionally, patient data has been filed papers kept by the hospital but in the last eight years, hospitals have been encouraged to transfer to Electronic Health Records (Balestra). Electronic health records are digital sources of patient informationRead MoreMedical Field Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesThe Developing Techniques Of The Medical Field Within In The United States The phrase â€Å"going to the doctor† is commonly used among people of all ages and from all backgrounds. It sounds as if a trip to the doctor is similar to a casual visit with a personal friend. The fact of matter is that we as Americans are lucky to have designed a medical field that is easily reachable in case of an emergency. There have been many techniques developed throughout the past centuries. In recent years, it hasRead MoreI Visited Wilmington Health Access For Teens For A Field Experience Observation1211 Words   |  5 Pagesvisited Wilmington Health Access for Teens for a field experience observation. Through this experience I observed different types of people seeking care in the clinic. Some people I saw in the clinic were African American females with children and Caucasian females. People who come into the clinic are seeking medical assistance and following up on routine examination appointments. I learned of different barriers when accessing care at the cli nic and types of presenting health problems among adolescentsRead MoreCommunication Modalities in the Field of Healthcare949 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: Communication modalities Communication Modalities in the Field of Healthcare Abstract The purpose of this paper is to identify and examine one specific mode of communication used by consumers and health care professionals, here the emphasis would be given on the system of electronic medical records. Other things which would be discussed related to this are the benefits to the patient, the issue of maintaining patient confidentiality, the effective means of communication and the overallRead MoreElectronic Medical Records And The New Age Of Electronic Health Information Technology Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesElectronic Medical Records (EMRs) are now exercising a more significant impact on healthcare practices than ever before. The United States healthcare system stands on the brink of a new age of electronic health information technology. The potential for innovation within this new technology represents a great opportunity for the future of medicine. However, in seeking to implement EMRs caution must be exercised to ensure that implementation does not have adverse effects on the personal nature of the

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Business Continuity And Disaster Recovery Plan - 809 Words

Any organization in the world to remain on the safe must strictly implement business continuity and disaster recovery plan. Numerous individuals think that a disaster recovery plan is the same as a business continuity plan, however a DR plan concentrates on restoring IT framework and operations after an emergency. It s just one piece of a complete business continuity plan, whereas business continuity plan looks at the continuity of the whole organization. Table 1 Differences between key terms Risk management Emergency response Business continuity What could happen? What if it happened? What next? Identify hazards and opportunities. Assess impact and likelihood. Make risk decision Implement controls Stabilize conditions following a risk event and minimize negative effects Reestablish sufficient services to permit continued mission essential operations following a risk event. 1) What are the best practices for effectively implementing BUSINESS CONTINUITY and DISASTER RECOVERY plan? The onset of a disaster is not an ideal time to plan. Only, few organizations take a proactive position, from the CEO on down, making Business Continuity a daily need for the whole association (Christian, n.d.). The procedure includes administration, IT, operations, logistics, HR, sales and marketing all cooperating to add to an integrated arrangement, giving everybody a stake in that plan’s success. (Best practices in business continuity, n.d.). However, lack of proper planning mightShow MoreRelatedBusiness Continuity Plans And The Disaster Recovery Plan1580 Words   |  7 Pages Business Continuity Plans (BCP) Paul D. Singleton Jr. March 11, 2015 ISSC481: IT Security: Planning and Policy Karen Paullet American Public University Business Continuity Plans (BCP) The Business Continuity Plan (BCP) and the Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) are twin resources derived to preserve vital organization operations when facing an unsuspecting disaster. A disaster can be either natural or man-made. Natural disasters include floods, fires, earthquakes, and lightning strikesRead MoreThe Disaster Recovery Plan And A Business Continuity Plan928 Words   |  4 Pagescontrasted business continuity plans with disaster recovery plans A disaster recovery plan and a business continuity plan, are very important to all business and their marketing plan. These plans provide detail strategies on how the business will continue to operate, before, doing and after a disaster. About 25% of business that do not have these plans and are hit by a disaster, fail to reopen. (Smith, n.d.). This is why a disaster and recovery and business continuity plan are important to a business ifRead MoreThe Data Analysis For Business Continuity And Disaster Recovery Plan998 Words   |  4 PagesThe data analysis for business continuity and disaster recovery is divided into three parts. All the three parts strive to properly examine and answer the research questions in a well-structured and organized manner. The data which was analyzed from various reliable sources, such as white papers, leading companies and BCP service providers, and also survey reports on business continuity and disaster recovery will help in exploring the research quest ions and provide proper guidelines for employeesRead MoreThe Importance Of A Business Continuity And Disaster Recovery Plan For Information Systems Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesThere is need to ensure that there is continuity of information and adequate recovery of the same in business continuity planning and disaster recovery processes. Individuals and firms therefore have to improve their incident response capability in light of increasing attacks that are cyber security related. These attacks have become diverse and more disruptive while causing greater damage. The number of security related incidents cannot be completely reduced, but the incident response capabilityRead MoreBusiness Continuity/Disaster Recovery Plan for Local Government Agency1810 Words   |  8 PagesCASE STUDY-BUSINESS CONTINUITY/DISASTER RECOVERY PLAN FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AGENCY 1. Disaster Recovery for City Hall Server #3 a. RTO/RPO for Hardware/Software: The Recovery Time Objective (RTO) is the determined length of time from when a disruption occurs in which a department’s functionalities, systems, applications, etc. must recover. The RTOs for the City Clerk, HR, and Finance Departments are as follows: RTO: Recovery Time Objective APPLICATIONS CITY CLERK HR FINANCE MillenniumRead MoreHow Business Continuity And Disaster Recovery Plans Directly Impact The Uses Of The Vpn System1113 Words   |  5 Pagesof business continuity and disaster recovery are most important to the use of the company’s VPN. This document will examine how business continuity and disaster recovery plans directly impact the use of the VPN system. Additionally, there will be a discussion pertaining to the challenges and solutions connected to the VPN and the influence of business continuity as well as disaster recovery planning. Challenges Associated with BC/DR pertaining to VPN Key factors of the business continuity/disasterRead MoreWhy Disaster Recovery Plan Is Vital?1202 Words   |  5 Pages Why Disaster Recovery plan is vital? The Disaster recovery plan can be very important to companies for a number of reasons. If planned properly and carried out accurately, it can save time and money for the organisation. Also, it can improve the quality of lives affected by the events leading up to it by helping to preserve vital information such as company’s data and other important information that would otherwise be lost. Reason for Disaster Recovery Plan There are many reasons why disasterRead MoreDisaster Recovery1955 Words   |  8 Pagesthe executive who manages the IT department and leads the organization in their efforts to develop and advance IT strategies. The role of the CIO in health care organizations is to: set visions and strategies, integrate information technology for business success, and make changes when necessary, build technological confidence, partner with customers, ensure information technology talent, and build networks and community. They should also establish and maintain good working relationships with theRead MoreIncident Response Plan And A Disaster Recovery1591 Words   |  7 PagesIncident Response (IR) plan â€Å"is a detailed set of processes and procedures that anticipate, detect, and mitigate the effects of an unexpected event that might compromise information resources and assets.† (Whitman, 2013, p. 85). Consequently, Incident response planning (IRP) is the planning for an incident, whic h occurs when an attack affects information systems causing disruptions. On the other hand, Disaster Recovery (DR) plan â€Å"entails the preparation for and recovery from a disaster, whether naturalRead MoreBusiness Continuity Planning Is Now A Vital Part Of Corporate Security Planning1199 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Continuity Planning 1.0 Introduction Successful firms are usually optimistic, somewhat averse to dwelling on the more unpleasant aspects of business. But the unexpected can happen to any organization, at any time. While organisations cannot control the unexpected, but they can control on how they respond. In the post 9/11 world, Business continuity planning is now a vital part of corporate security planning, as business must keep functioning in midst of any disruptive events, business continuity

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Human Resource Management Practice Handbook-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Human Resource Management Practice Handbook? Answer: Introduction In todays world, competition is on its highest peak. Each of the existing companies is trying to attract stakeholders and customers with its innovative ideas and products. The current marketing world has now become a place for practice of thousands of innovative ideas (Kjellberg, Azimont Reid, 2015). Hence, the competition is very high and this in turn is forcing the organization to develop a strong strategic marketing in order to survive in this market. This report will study the different business functions in an organization and their roles and responsibilities. With the same, the report will also analyze a case study on the organization in which the purpose, values and practices of each of the business functions are described as well as evaluated. It will further elaborate on the gaps in between their practices and possible solutions for the same. However, the main aim of this study is to critically analyze and apply the principles and practices of the key business functions in KFC to support its operational efficiency and effectiveness. Key Concepts The operation department oversees the physical plant of the manufacturing facility in a business and the materials that it needs (Piercy Rich, 2015). This department also looks after the production processes and work schedule. However, the work of the operation department varies from business to business and company to company. For example, in case of a restaurant, the operation function might be the restaurants kitchen that is managed by executive chef. While in the small companies, the role of the operation team is played by the administrative executives. Accounting The accounting or the finance team provides close support to the business manger on the department of financial implication of the business strategies. They look after all the final accounts of the business transactions and analyze the business results as well as prepare the quarterly and monthly review of the business operations. An insightful and meaningful analysis of their performance is the key to ensure a continued business success. Sales The sales and the marketing department are usually combined, though they both are entirely different functions. The sales department sells the products or services of the company and the marketing department determines the kind of products and services that the company will offer and sets its pricing strategy (Matzler, Veider Kathan, 2015). The sales team in companies supports the customers after the product sale and the marketing team handles the research and development process. Human Resource The primary role of the Human Resource (HR) team is to hire or recruit effective operational staff (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Providing training for the management and the operational team by the head office also falls under the responsibilities of the HR team. Risk Management Constructive board engagement, effective risk positioning, integrity, strong risk culture, and proper incentives are some of the vital areas that are of a major concern of the department of risk management (Miles, 2017). It also reviews the integrity, quality and the effectiveness of the system of risk management and ensures that strategies and policies of risk are managed effectively. Introduction to the case study organization KFC corporation is one of the most famous fast-food restaurant chains in the world. It is also known by the name of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) (Ritzer, 2017). Headquarter of KFC is located in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. It is the second largest restaurant chain in the world after McDonalds. It is a subordinate of the Yum! Brands, which owns other famous companies like the Pizza Hut as well (Hussain, 2014). The founder of KFC was Sir Harland Sanders. The goal of the company is to build an organization-dedicated excellence, to maintain a dedication towards innovation for a continuous improvement and growth and to deliver high quality products and services to their customers consistently. The organization has 18,875 outlets in 118 different countries. The report below will elaborate on the business functions of KFC. It will focus on the different business functions of KFC and their contribution to the overall operational efficiency and effectiveness. Analysis of the case study organization The operation team is the hub that is running the stores of KFC and delivering a fantastic quality of food and an outstanding service levels. Their main functions include the management, leadership and evaluation of all the stores The raw materials that are used by the KFC are mixed together in order to prepare the finished product that expands its value. The newly launched combination meals and spicy chicken are the best examples. This helps KFC to link with the innovation and differentiation in order to provide the company with a competitive advantage. The operations team works side by side of all the KFC functions in order to ensure that their restaurants look good, the staffs are motivated and each of the products that are served are fresh and hot, giving the customers reason to return repeatedly (Azman et al., 2014). One of the major driving forces behind the marketing team of KFC is a strong passion of its staff to deliver a continual pipeline of tempting tasty meals and food p roducts. KFC uses various methods in order to record their customer preferences. It has an internal process through which the company analyzes its figures of sales for each of its products over a specific period of time so that it could establish a trend. In addition to this, they have an external process as well. In the external process, the market research is carried out every year. This in turn helps KFC to target particular innovative products for a particular customer segment through television marketing. The marketing teams of the KFC works cross functionally with the operations and product excellence in order to develop and traversing new ways for delivering consumer led alteration and innovation (Light Kiddon, 2015). They are also the heart of communication of KFC with the business as well as the consumers. The marketing budget of the organization is divided in between advertising production and media buying in order to fortify a whole year calendar for new news for driving the consumers back to their restaurants repeatedly. Whether it be billing the franchisees, paying the suppliers, managing cash or paying the people, each of the member of the KFCs accounting team is much dedicated towards ensuring that all the business transactions are effectively and accurately recorded. Thus, this in turn provides a strong platform for its Commercial and Business Control team for analyzing the results and the partners with the primary stakeholders for setting and driving the strategic directions of the business. KFC is aimed towards maintaining an excellent organization that is achieved by creating commitment, building people quality and by motivating the effectiveness of the organization (Cheng-Hua, 2015). The HR team of KFC looks after the overall recruitment processes. The recruitment procedure of KFC is very easy. They have their online system of recruitment, where all the available posts or vacancies, location or areas are showcased. There are more than 7000 employees across the KFC business and the HR department thrives to give the employees opportunities to grow and develop. Their main responsibility is to ensure that the aim of the organization to build a world-class organization is achieved by managing people, creating engagement and building people capability. The risk management team assesses the KFCs risk profile and the key areas of the risk in particular. It recommends the company board and adoption of the risk assessment and the procedures of rating. The risk management team d efines the risk appetite of the KFC and review the risk profile in order to ensure that the risk is never higher than that of the risk appetite, which is determined by the board. Gaps in best practice It has been found that the quality assurance department of the KFC is not performing well at its level and many a times it has come under the media coverage (Firoz Abinakad, 2016). The quality assurance department looks after the food quality and the services that are provided to the consumers. It is also responsible to look after the hygiene issues. According to the CHAMPS philosophy of KFC, it wants to prepare a consummate reflection in front of the consumers by following this philosophy but the hygiene factor is still an issue at some outlets of the organization. One of the examples is of the case of 2008 when in the KFC of New York; a rat was infested from the food product that was served. This shows that there is a knowledge gap in between the operational team and the Quality assurance department. With the same, two outlets of KFC in Sydney were fined due to failing in keeping the hygiene levels. Layers of dirt and grease were found by the inspectors, along with evidences of ve rmin. Apart from this, KFC was once blamed for ethical treatment of animals (Singh Dave, 2015). It was said that the chicken suppliers of KFC cram the birds into a big waste that is filled with factories and they breed and drug them in order to make them grow large when they cannot even walk. As a result, the birds suffer from severe health issues such as breakage of wings and legs. Many times, the throats of the chicken were slit during slaughtering them and they were then dropped into a bucket or container that is filled with hot water even when they were still conscious. KFCs animal welfare advisor has lastly asked its concerned department to eliminate such practices and abuses but KFC never agreed to it. In fact, there are also cases where it is seen that most of the advisors from the QA department of KFC have resigned in frustration. Possible solutions The knowledge gap in between the operation department and the quality assurance department must be decreased. The Quality Assurance department of the KFC should make sure that they develop a strict rule for the operation department of the organization at the various different outlets so that they could follow which would guide to look out in case of hygiene issues. The Quality Assurance department must direct the operation department to follow a standard of cleanliness, for example, the tables must be cleaned after every 15 minutes, the floor must be mobbed frequently by making use of disinfectants, the storage facilities must be checked every day concerning the issues of cleanliness. The Quality Assurance department can appoint a QA officer in order to monitor and regularly visit the outlets to take notes on the hygiene levels that are being followed by the operational departments. With the same, the officer shall also instruct the KFC employees to take certain measures in maintaining cleanliness in the business. Justification The above mentioned solutions could result in positive outcomes as it is seen that KFC is facing issues and challenges because of the low quality food service and knowledge gap. The staff member of the KFC is well aware of the mission and vision of the company hence, they must know that if they do not take necessary measures, the company would lose its reputation. They staffs must also keep in mind that they should never hurt the human sentiments since, hurting their sentiments will do no good to the organization in any way, instead it will led people to protest against the company and boycott. Conclusions From the above discussion, it is clear the each of the business functions are operating well in their respective fields. Right from the operations, accounting, sales to the risk management department, each department has its own duties and responsibilities towards the success of the company. However, there are several cases which have highlighted the gaps in between these departments and they are proved to serve as the major barriers towards a successful business. Few recommendations are been made for the part of the operational and the quality assurance departments. Implementation of the same could definitely give positive results. Overall, KFC is serving its best to meet each of its customer segments by launching new and innovative products every now and then. Recommendations Providing Knowledge Management trainings Encouraging and motivating skilled employees to the business to keep their knowledge and proficiency updated KFC must change its evaluation criteria in order to assess and reflect knowledge sharing proficiencies and achievements by the staffs. Eliminating the people who are the collectors of knowledge References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Azman, M. I. M., Elbakoush, A. Y., Hashom, H., Subhan, M. (2014, December). Indonesian and Malaysian Consumers: Are they different in preference? A comparative study of KFC Malaysia KFC Indonesias marketing strategy. InConference on International Studies (ICIS) 2014(p. 271). Organizational Strategy toward Core Competency Workforce in Hospitality Industry.International Review of Management and Business Research,4(2), 469. The impact of sensory branding (five senses) on consumer: A case study on KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken).International Journal of Research in Business Management,2(5), 2347-4572. Kjellberg, H., Azimont, F., Reid, E. (2015). Market innovation processes: Balancing stability and change.Industrial marketing management,44, 4-12. New Brand Leadership: Managing at the Intersection of Globalization, Localization and Personalization. FT Press. Adapting to the sharing economy.MIT Sloan Management Review,56(2), 71. Conduct Risk Management: Using a Behavioural Approach to Protect Your Board and Financial Services Business. Kogan Page Publishers. The relationship between lean operations and sustainable operations.International Journal of Operations Production Management,35(2), 282-315. Can there really be Truealternatives within the food and drink markets? If so, can they survive as alternative forms?.Journal of Marketing Management,33(7-8), 652-661. On the Killing and Killability of Animals Nonmoral Thoughts for the Anthropology of Ethics.Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East,35(2), 232-245.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Project Implementation, Evaluation and Presentation

Executive Summary After a rigorous analysis of three projects, Golden Source International Ltd settled for the â€Å"Anti-Fungus† Silicone Sealant product launch. This paper looks at the project’s implementation, evaluation, and presentation. Lately, there has been little success of projects.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Project Implementation, Evaluation and Presentation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pundits believe that haphazard planning, inadequate implementation, relaxed control, and lack of project evaluation bring this about. This paper shows how the project manager that was assigned this task went about these procedures to record major success in major fronts. Introduction Project management is quite a popular topic in the world of management today. This is occasioned by the fact that it is the center of growth in business. A company will have an ongoing project at any one time. H ence, the skills associated with this subject come in handy. In this paper, we analyze the implementation and evaluation of Golden Source International Ltd’s launch of a new product. Borrowing from project management principles, the author outlines a number of procedures that may inform the success of the launch. Project Implementation Project implementation has two stages: the project implementation planning and project implementation control. At the project implementation planning stage, the project manager will take steps to determine project requirements and plan how to go about meeting both budgetary and time constraints. Additionally, the project manager will organize the project into identifiable units and establish mechanisms to monitor and control the project parameters. At the Project Implementation Control stage, the project manager will ensure proper measures are in place to meet the time, budgetary, quality, and scope constraints (Lowson, 2003). Implementation Pl anning Project Brief The project manager will prepare a project brief that will act as a statement of work between him and management (Reiss, 2007). The following is a project brief for this project.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Statement of Work  Launch of a new â€Å"Anti-Fungus† Silicone Sealant product  For Golden Source International Ltd Company in Dubai, (U.A.E.) This project seeks to launch a new â€Å"Anti-Fungus† Silicone Sealant product for Golden Source International Ltd Company starting in Dubai and then other stores. The product is both a household commercial consumer product designed to give customer an option during purchase. The roll out will include market awareness campaigns. The base roll out period will be not more than (or approximately) 121 days. The base project cost should not exceed $175,000. The board of directors of Golde n Source International Ltd Company shall discuss any changes that may be proposed for this project after the project manager presents a detailed cost analysis of the proposed changes. Work Breakdown Structure The project manager will subdivide the project scope into manageable segments, assign them to the respective individuals, and document that information. The following will be the work breakdown structure for this project. Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Project Implementation, Evaluation and Presentation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Figure 1 WBS for Anti-Fungus† Silicone Sealant Project The above structure represents all the stages that the product will go through before the final launch. This will be instrumental for the project manager, as he will know the sequence activities will take. Hence, it will be easy to assign tasks and to determine weak areas. This project does not have small wor k packages, as most work will be departmental (Pan American Health Organization 2012). Sub Units The project manager shall specify the specific requirements of each sub unit. This includes approximate budgetary allocation, performance standards, and durations. The project manager will aggregate this information into a clear format for ease of reference (CIPA Study Guide 2008). Project Implementation Control The project manager shall control the project constraints to ensure that everything goes as planned. These constraints include time, quality, cost, and scope. The manager will do this by checking project specifications, schedule, and the budget allocations (CIPA Study Guide 2008). The project manager will use the tools outlined below for that purpose. Control Point Identification Chart The chart below will be useful for tracking areas that may go wrong and anticipating ways in which the project manager will solve the problems to avoid nasty surprises (Kotler Keller, 2009). Table 1 Control Point Identification Chart Control Parameter What is likely to go wrong? How and when to indentify The solution Quality There may be less qualified employees Personal inspection of every stage Substandard work to be redone Cost/Budget Cost of any sub-unit may exceed budget When sale deals are sealed Seek alternative partners, consider alternative materials’ input Time/Schedule Time to complete any sub unit may exceed schedule Monitoring progress along critical path of network diagram Improve efficiency, recoup time from other areas, consider overtime if within budget Milestone Charts This powerful implementation tool clearly summarizes the status of a project by highlighting key events. Milestone charts state what events in the project’s life have been completed. In addition, the chart states the duration it took to complete the events, and, whether this is the duration, the project manager had scheduled for the event (Reiss, 2007).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hence, the manager continually records the variance between the actual and scheduled times. In addition, it outlines the remaining events and the project manager’s anticipated completion time. The following may be the milestone chart for this project. Table 2 Milestone Chart Milestone Scheduled Completion Actual Completion Design Completed 2 2.5 Making a Test Run 4 4 Online Marketing 1 1 Road Shows Completed 2 2 Promotions 40 40 Launch 15 15 Project and Budget Control Charts Project and budget control charts records cost, schedule performances to ascertain actual and planned performances of the project. Normally these are based on the nature of the work breakdown structure. It makes use of the work packages. In this project, this may not be as applicable, but may be useful. The project manager may use the Project and Budget Control Chart below. Table 3 Project and Budget Control Chart CostPerformance (‘000 Dollars) SchedulePerformance (Days) Proj ect Item Budget Actual Variance Planned Actual Variance Marketing 100 95 -5 11 13 2 VIP product launch 50 56 6 15 10 -5 Planning 5 3.8 1.2 1 1 0 Road show promotion 15 2 2 0 Labor 5 N/A Total 175 The project manager will obtain cumulative amounts for the actual and scheduled performances and draw bar graphs for comparison. The above analysis may act as an early indicator as to whether the project manager will meet the parameters of the project. Hence, it may be used as an effective tool to source for additional time or resources from management. If it is a strict-schedule project, this parameter may offer a way for the manager to organize for overtime and to crash the network diagram for a scheduled finish. Network Diagrams There are two types of network diagrams. These are very useful tools in project control. There are two types of network diagrams: Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Path Analysis (CPM). They are complex decision- making tools that enable project managers to organize work and plan work flows (Bulbul, 2010). They provide necessary information that is vital in scheduling and budgeting. This information includes the earliest start times of a project, latest completion times, time floats, and the critical path. The critical path is the longest route in a network diagram that indicates the time the project will take. It is hard to construct a network diagram for a project with complex times and huge budgets but the availability of software for that purpose makes it easy. In this project, the techniques may be useful to the project manager in evaluating the progress of the project (UWSA 2005). Use of a Gantt Chart This project’s project manager may find it quite useful to engage the use of a Gantt chart in managing complexity in cost and time. A Gantt chart is an intricate tool used for the management of interrelated tasks with different durations. When using a Gantt chart, the project manag er assumes that the tasks are linear and their durations can be determined beforehand with a high degree of precision. However, it is advisable for management to have duration estimates with the relevant possible contingencies. This project has eight major events. They include planning, product design, packaging, online marketing, TV marketing, road shows, product launch/selling, and promotions. They start at different stages in the project and have varying durations as shown below in the Gantt chart (Koelmans, 2004). Table 4 Activity Durations and Start Times Activity Start Duration Planning 0 1 Product design 1 3 Packaging 4 60 Online Marketing 0 1 TV Marketing 0 10 Road shows 64 2 Product launch 66 15 Promotions and selling 81 40 Figure 2 Gantt chart for this Project As the above figure indicates, a Gantt chart has a number of benefits to the project manager. First, it diagrammatically represents the whole project. This makes it easy for the project manager to indentify the activities to complete first and clearly shows the relationships between tasks. Second, it shows the duration of a project. This project is likely to take 121 days as shown in the Gantt chart. However, in as much as it may show the tasks clearly, it does not indicate dependencies among tasks and the project manager may not know from the Gantt chart how the delay of one task may affect another. For this purpose, the project manager will have to use the network diagrams (Rad Ginger, 2002). Since this project started, planning has been completed. Both online and TV marketing are already been carried out announcing the upcoming product. The product is in its formative stages in the laboratories and it is anticipated that the packaging design is the activity likely to take most of the work. This is because the company already had a similar product from which to improve and come up with the current one. Activities such as road shows, product launch, and promotions are y et to commence. It is also crucial to note that only 12 days have elapsed since the commencement of this project (Koelmans, 2004). Project Evaluation Techniques Success of a project may mean different things to different people. All projects have a number of stakeholders whose expectations must be met to consider a project successful. Even various employees of Golden Tools Ltd may consider the success of the launch of this new product in different ways. For example, the CEO may consider the success of the product in the market as a measure. An accountant in the same organization may look at it from the budgetary point of view. Additionally, a laboratory technician may consider this a success from the ‘breakthrough’ point of view. Hence, a central ground must be reached to ascertain the success of a project clearly (Maylor, 2003). A project has to be evaluated before, during and after its implementation. This will paint a better picture of its performance as opposed to t he last evaluation. Majority of projects’ performance may not be clearly measured because organizations do not put an emphasis on the post-implementation evaluation. However, it is imperative to do that. A look at the following stakeholders may paint a picture of how well to undertake an evaluation (Rad Ginger, 2002). Project Constraints This is one of the measures of success. A project’s constraints include time, quality, scope, and cost. A project manager should strive to meet the agreed upon constraints’ parameters. This is because most managers want to complete a project fast, qualitatively, with minimal costs, and least time (Maylor, 2003). Project Stakeholders These people have a share in the success of a project. They include employees, management, outside community, customers, and environmental conservationists, among others. All these people have stakes in the success of this product and satisfying a majority should be the goal (Maylor, 2003). Goals, O bjectives, and Project Requirements Before the start of a project, the project manager and the management set out to achieve certain objectives. After implementation, it is the duty of a project manager to look into these targets and ascertain to what level they have been achieved. Additionally, a project is like an input-output model; hence, commissioners of the project will expect tangible products with relevant features as envisioned (Chase Aquilano, 2006). Evaluation of This Project This project was commissioned to develop and launch a new product (Anti-Fungus† Silicone Sealant product). The product, meant to give customers options and to expand the product portfolio of Golden Source International Ltd Company was to roll out in cities in United Arab Emirates before spreading in other countries. Other objectives were to expand the company’s bottom line by at least 50% and improve the customers’ satisfaction by an acceptable level of at least 50%. The followin g is a critical look at the project and its achievements. Project Stakeholders The stakeholders in this project were happy with the outcome. Customers appreciated the introduction of a new product that would increase their options in the market place. The management of Golden Source International Ltd Company was elated by the design, efficiency, aesthetics, and performance of the product in the first three months. The company staffs that were involved in the process of the making, advertising, launching, and promoting the product, prior and after the launch, were happy with the experience. They were also happy with the performance of the product and the mood was positive. Indications were that customers will shift massively towards this product and plans were already underway to see that the product is launched in other cities in Middle East and then Asia. The product did not violate any environmental laws and in fact was been touted as ‘green’ product with a vision for solving 21st century problems. Every procedure laid out by the government was followed to ensure that there were no disappointments (Aranda, 2003). Goals and Objectives The goals and objectives of this project as outlined before were clearly on course. The customers had already demonstrated happiness. This shows that they would rate the product positively. The performance of the product in the few months after launch indicated that the company was on course towards achieving profit objectives set out. Project Constraints All the project constraints were adequately satisfied. The project was completed in 110 days against a target of 121 days. Additionally, a budget of $175000 had been set aside and the project exceeded this figure by only $1500. This was adequately within the margin of error. Many pundits were happy with the product and the whole launch and performance of the product indicated positive results. Recommendations for Improvement The project did not experience notable s etbacks. However, areas of weaknesses were indentified in the departmental contacts. For example, the project manager and sales manager differed about the time when the promotional campaign should start. The project manager felt the timing of the campaign was poor because the product was a long way from been launched and customers were likely to forget about it. This would lead to wastage of resources. However, the sales manager was of the opinion that it was meant to prepare the customers fully. Additionally, after the budget exceeded by $1500, the project manager wrote an explanatory proposal to management and some managers felt he should have anticipated this instead of bringing it up after it had happened. However, the project manager explained it was because of the early campaign by the sales manager. Hence, he was feeling under pressure to launch the product fast. Lastly, sometimes the road shows would report poor reception and hence it came out as a poor method of advertising . In future, it would be imperative to iron out those little setbacks but they had no major effect on the launch. Project Presentation Project Implementation Procedure Establish Project Objectives– This is the first step. It involves the setting out of succinct and realizable goals. The project manager outlines the scope of the project and prepares a project brief. In this project, the aim was to launch a product that will lead to customer satisfaction and increase profits for the company. Work Break Down– each activity is divided into manageable sub units for ease of resource allocation and monitoring. Sub Units– at this stage, the project manager clearly outlines the sequence of the sub units, stipulates their durations, and performance expectations. The project manager aggregates the information in this section into the whole project. Budget Preparation– at this stage the project manager prepares a budget informed by the resource requirements of each s ub unit (Chase Aquilano, 2006). Arrange Staff– the project manager prepares a staff org-gram, which details the duties and responsibilities of each person and creates positions. This eases the need to indentify whom to report to and assigns responsibilities to the most capable individuals (Chase Aquilano, 2006). Training– the project manager determines if there is a personnel training and undertakes it, if needed. Policies and Procedures– lastly, the project manager develops policies and procedures to be followed by each participant in the project. This ensures that there is a sense of sanity while performing tasks and establishes ground for punishment and rewards (Chase Aquilano, 2006). Conclusion Implementation is the most vital stage in a project. Any implementation follows a certain procedure, but the above parameters are recommended. As noted from the paper, project evaluation is equally important as is project preparation and preliminary analysis. Any a spect about a project contributes towards a good result, including relationships of implementers. The project manager in this project realizes this and successfully launches a new product for Golden Source International Ltd Company. The results are tremendous and the management and stakeholders are happy. Reference List Aranda, AR 2003, Service Operations Strategy, Flexibility and Performance in Engineering Consulting Firms, International Journal of Operations Production Management, vol. 23.11 pp 1401-1421. Bulbul, H 2010, Taxonomy of Manufacturing Strategies: A Study of the Turkish Automotive Industry, African Journal of Business Management, vol. 5.6 pp 2322-2335. Chase, BR Aquilano, NJ 2006, Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, New York, McGraw Irwin. CIPA Study Guide 2008, A Guide to Project Management Auditing, Assessments and Recommendations. Web. Koelmans, R 2004, Project Success and Performance Evaluation. Web. Kotler, P Keller, K 2009, A Framework for Marketin g Management. Philadelphia, Pearson International Edition. Lowson, RH 2003, The Nature of Operations Strategy: Combining Strategic Decisions from the Resource-Based and Market-Driven Viewpoints, Management Decision, vol. 41.6, pp 538-549. Maylor, H 2003, Project Management, UK, FT Prentice Hall. Pan American Health Organization 2012, Monitoring of Project Implementation: a Manual. Web. Rad, PF Ginger, L 2002, The Advanced Project Management Office. A Comprehensive Look at Function and Implementation, Florida, St Lucie Press. Reiss, G 2007, Project Management Demystified. New York, NY, Routledge. UWSA 2005, Project Implementation Process Tools. Web. This term paper on Project Implementation, Evaluation and Presentation was written and submitted by user Andrea Flores to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Angela Merkel free essay sample

Prill Challenges of Leadership Leadership Book Analysis Modern World Leaders- Angela Merkel The person chosen for this leadership report is Angela Merkel. I read â€Å"Modern World Leaders-Angela Merkel† written by Clifford W. Mills. Being born in Berlin, with my pride in being German, as well as being a female with my own leadership ambitions, I felt Angela Merkel was a perfect fit for me. Gaining knowledge on the leadership style from one of the most powerful and influential women in the world, while also learning the values and beliefs my country is grounded on, I find Angela Merkel to be extremely interesting leader to study. Angela Merkel (born Angela Dorothea Kasner), was born in Hamburg, Germany on July 17, 1954. Angela was raised in East Germany where she later received Associates degree in 1973. Shortly after, she enrolled to the Karl Marx University where she later met and married Ulrich Merkel. She graduates with a bachelor and continues onto her PhD in Science at the Central institute for Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin. We will write a custom essay sample on Angela Merkel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By 1986 she received her PhD which is also the same year she goes back to West Germany for the first time since she was baby. It was the many years in West Germany, full of communism and hardships, that taught Merkel how strong and powerful government could be. Merkel was determined to use power to serve the people not use it to control them. Rather than telling them what they wanted hear, she told them what to do to solve the political problem. A scholarly physicist with little to no interest in politics rose to the top of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) known as a conservative, male oriented, traditional political party. I believe the keys to her success include things such as her upbringing along with her passion and ambition. Raised by a minister in communist East Germany, Merkel had an upbringing like no other. A place where the economy was shattered- where resources and goods where lacking. Merkel and her family were always being watched upon by the Statsi. The Statsi was a security intelligence network that consisted of 100,000 full time employees with 300,000 informants recruited to spy on the citizens who might be subversive. Within this environment Merkel learned to keep her real thoughts to herself and keep her private and political world separate in fear of the Statsi. Ambition is an understatement. The fall of the Berlin Wall was the biggest eye opener and life changing event in Merkels life; going from someone who took no particular interest in politics to fighting for freedom and rights, almost over night. The day after Merkel was sworn in as chancellor Merkel wasted no time and made trips around the world meeting up with leaders in hopes to form alliances. Her first stop was Paris where she met with President Jacques Chirac where her goal was to emphasize the importance of their relationship. Next she met with security general Jaap de Hoop of the NATO. The NATO was a alliance between 26 countries where the attack on one country leads to the attack on all countries. Merkel knew how important this alliance was to Germany. Merkel returned home to meet the President of Pohomba of Namibia only to leave soon after to the United States to meet President Bush. Merkel was admired her never ending, ambitious, networking. â€Å"She put her loyalty to truth ahead of loyalty to the party†- Merkel’s put honesty and truth on the top of her values. When German chancellor Helmut Kohl admitted his guilt to receiving illegal claim contributions, Merkel was not scared to condemn Kohl in a public newsletter. Her mentor, the man who started Merkel in politics- in her eyes was now the man who betrayed a trust and should no longer be leader. Her honesty is the way Merkel got people to follow her as a leader. Although some felt she had stabbed Kohl in the back, many Germans praised her honesty. She had proven to the people that truth matters and that she stands behind it. Another time that Merkel wasn’t scared to stand her ground and simply standing up for what’s ethically right was back in high school. In Germany teachers quiet strict and at one point she had a teacher that would punish the entire class if a presentation differed even slightly from what the teacher told them to do. Deep down inside Merkel knew that the students put in extreme effort into the presentations and that this matter was so serious that the students could all be expelled from school. After explaining the situation to her parents, Merkel wrote a petition which she also presented to some GDR officials. Merkels class was saved; the teacher was later disciplined. I characterize her leadership style as one that is based on ethics and morals while also being very direct. She is both task oriented as well as relationship oriented. Merkel focuses on the business task at hand while putting great emphasis relationships and networking†¦ â€Å"I don’t think it make sense to go round and round in circles arguing about this crisis. We have to manage it instead. But that’s something we can only do together with our neighbors, our partners, the big ones and the small ones. I think Germany is destined, partly as a result of its geographic position, to be a mediator and balancing factor. † From this statement I feel as though Merkel is very direct and to the point- there is no point in arguing, let’s do something about it. At the same time Merkel puts emphasis on leader-member relations. Previous chancellor Schroeder was known for his extravagant sleigh rides with Russian President Putin along with an unwillingness to push Putin on difficult issues. Merkel wasn’t taking sleigh rides; she was making a dissimilar statement Based on her position Merkel has legitimate power and usually uses rational persuasion. She has the ability to influence others using something of value giving her reward power. Merkels degree in science gives her expert power and over the years has gained connection power through never ending networking and reciprocity. â€Å"I am, I think, courageous at the decisive moment. But I need a good deal of start-up time, and I try to take as much as possible into consideration beforehand. † Merkel puts a great deal of time studying an issue and pays close attention to detail when making a decision. When looking at a political issue, she looks at all sides and tries to understand it logically. Merkel does not go by â€Å"hunches† but finds out what others think (especially exerts). She studies an issue very carefully and does not make â€Å"right off the back† decisions. While some might of looked at it as inexperienced, Merkels courage stood out at the 2006 G8- Summit. The G8 Summit includes leaders from France, Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom and the United States, that year taking place in Russia. One thing that was not â€Å"appropriate† during the G8 Summit was to criticize the host. Not only did Merkel question Russia on their electoral system claiming its shortcomings, she also vocalized that she did not want the natural gas from Russia to get disrupted again; she needed energy security for Europe to be assured and secured. Merkel had made headlines and made her mark. Merkel has not groomed a successor but is the successor of Gerhard Schroder. Schroeder was more of a Democrat while Merkel is a Republican. She is an anticommunist that wants there to be a bigger role for private business and less role of the government. Schroeder believed that the government had to be a regulator in businesses and that small changes to policy would bring Germanys level of competiveness up. Compared to her predecessor, Merkel felt government needed to get out of the way of business and that taxes should be simplified possibly with a flat rate. In order to decrease Germanys booming deficit, Schroeder cut social security payments an unemployment benefits. Merkel on the other hand found that increasing the VAT (value added tax) from 16%-18% was more successful. Another major difference between the two was their views on the war. While Schroeder was against the war, he allied himself with France and criticized the Bush administration. Merkel found the war to be dignified and correct- growing up in a country without freedom she knew exactly how precious it was. She explained Germany needed to stop bashing America and that her administration will have friendlier relations with America. A portrait of German princess born Sophie Augusta Fredrika, (later known as Russian empress Catherine the Great) hangs on the wall in Merkels office. Sophie married the 17-year-old grandson of Peter the Great and was crowned Catherine II. Catherine was the longest ruling and most renowned female leader of Russia. The Catherinian Era was sometimes referred to as the Golden Era as she extended Russian territory and reorganized law administration. Catherine led Russia into full participation in the cultural and political life of Europe. In September 2006 Merkel topped the â€Å"World’s Most Powerful Woman† list by Forbes Magazine. Analysts claim her strength was her â€Å"unassuming and tireless networking†. Leaders around the world such as Jacques Chirac, Tony Blair, and Vladimir Putin were all impressed by Merkel winning the admiration of people worldwide. Other awards received by Merkel include: * Vision for Europe award 2006 * Recognition of â€Å"Dama de Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italian† by Italian president 2006 * Honorary doctorate from Hebrew University of Jerusalem 2007 * Chalemagne Prize 2008 * Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 2008 * Honorary doctorate from University of Technology in Wrolaw (Poland) 2008 * â€Å" â€Å" from University of Cluj-Napoca (Romania) Jawaharlal Nehra Award (India) 2009 * Forbes most powerful women 5 years in a row This assignment has enabled me to see leadership traits and values from the perspective of one of the most powerful and successful women in the World. A political record breaker, who has marked her spot in history by moving Germany out of the recession. I was aware that Angela Merkel was the Chancellor of Germany but I didn’t know what motivated her and the type of person she is and how she leads her country. Her motivation and drives comes from the democratic and controlled life she lived in East Germany giving her the determination of providing German citizens a less controlled, free, and happy life. She grounds her decisions on principal and logic and leads in a direct, assertive manner. Although Merkel dominates German politics I view her more as a leader than a politician. Leaders care about the people they serve while politicians usually care about themselves and their party. APA Style Citations Angela Merkel: The Most Powerful Woman In The World People Stylist Magazine. n. d. ). Stylist. co. uk homepage Stylist Magazine. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from http://www. stylist. co. uk/people/angela-merkel#image-rotator-1 Mills, C. (2008). Angela Merkel. New York: Chelsea House Reddy, V. (n. d. ). German Legend Angela Merkels Success story Posdcorb. Posdcorb. Retrieved March 12, 2013, from http://www. vamsinathmba. com/2012/08/german-lezand-angela-merkels-success. html Smitha, F. E. ( n. d. ). Catherine the Great, Russian Empress. MacroHistory : World History. Retrieved March 12, 2013, from http://www. fsmitha. com/h3/h31-gr6c. htm

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Amazon and eCommerce essays

Amazon and eCommerce essays Amazon.com is now an online retailer of books, toys, music, DVDs, clothing, house-wares and a variety of other products. Its services are aimed primarily at the internet consumer, the person who goes online and uses Amazon.coms website to find a product. It all began in 1994 when Jeff Bezo, Amazon.coms CEO and founder, believed books had the potential to be sold on the internet. It was clear that computers and the internet could be uniquely applied to organize, present and sell the entire stock in a way that a physical store or mail-order catalogue couldnt possibly imagine. After one year of building a support infrastructure, Amazon.com was launched in 1995. In May 1997, Amazon.com went public at a price of $18 a share raising $54 million in its public stock offering. I believe the single biggest reason why Amazon.com has been successful while other ecommerce companies have failed can be attributed directly to its continued focus on the customers needs and satisfaction. Any business , large or small, willing to be more conscientious and treat customers like human beings can achieve profitability. For success on the internet, the business and customer experience is more important than the web site on which it is built. Amazon.com continually moves towards creating the electronic equivalent of a personnel-shopping assistant to distinguish itself from all possible competition. They do not wish to be viewed as just another online store. Amazon.coms leading role has also meant the company is constantly exploring uncharted territory. It also means constantly tweaking plans while trying to figure out how people want to shop online. They were able to increase the customer experience through improved operations. Were different from other online retailers in that we have a technology base that allows customers to find, discover and glean out of hundreds of millions of products, those that ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Analyzing Financial Statements of Actual U.S. Companies Term Paper

Analyzing Financial Statements of Actual U.S. Companies - Term Paper Example Finally, the analysis will be relied on to determine in which company to $ 20,000. Back in the seventies, the airline industry in the U.S was highly regulated. During the period, the government implemented strict policies to new entrants. The regulations put by the government set very high standards, which attracted more entry fee. As a result, the entry into the industry became more expensive. Potential entrants withdrew their entry plans. The consequences of the strict regulations were low competition, high prices, reduced quality of the airline services and decline in sales volume. Since the U.S. Government lifted the regulations, the entry of new players has been on the rise. Competition in the industry has increased leading to a rise in services standards. The quality of airline services increased as the competition grew tight. Companies had to improve their competitive standards, and one of the effective competitive strategies is constant quality delivery. Deregulation of the airline industry lead to the reduction of the fare prices, which made the airline s ervices more affordable (Airline Deregulation, Revisited par. 1-7). Currently, most airline companies have a new plan that most analysts refer to as anti-competitive strategies. The consolidation strategy that has seen many airline companies merge is not supported by various authorities such as the Department of Transport. Companies following companies have merged into one: Air Trans merged with Southwest, the American airline merged with U.S Airways, United airline merged with Continental among other examples. The recent consolidation causes many fears as it could lead to monopoly. As a result, in 2013, the District of Columbia and Antitrust Division’s civil enforcement program legally challenged the consolidation strategy on the grounds that free competition and the quality level of services would be compromised (Airline Deregulation, Revisited par.